Advances in the correlation between growth factors and proliferative vitreoretinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)is a common complication of perforation injury and surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The pathogenesis of this disease is still unclear. However, studies have shown that retina pigment epithelium(RPE)cells have the ability to secrete cytokines, and many growth factors are overexpressed in vitreous or subretinal fluid in PVR patients. These growth factors and their receptors play an important role in the occurrence and development of PVR. When the blood-retinal barrier is broken, the physiological balance of growth factors disappears, and RPE cells are stimulated by growth factors to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transformation(EMT), migration and proliferation, this leads to the formation of the preretinal membrane, which pulls on the retina and causes retinal detachment. In recent years, scholars have done a lot of researches on the signaling pathways, EMT process and cell proliferation involved in the formation of PVR with growth factors. This article will summarize the function of growth factors involved in the formation of PVR and the therapeutic effects of antagonistic growth factors in the development of PVR.

Influencing factors and predictive model of macular retinal blood flow density after vitrectomy with PDR / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To explore the changes and influencing factors of macular retinal blood flow density in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)after vitrectomy, and establish a predictive model.METHODS: The clinical data of 173 patients with 173 eyes in PDR who underwent vitrectomy in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the changes of macular retinal blood flow density after operation, the patients were divided into normal group(118 cases with 118 eyes)and descending group(55 cases with 55 eyes). The general data, preoperative laboratory examination index and intraoperative condition of the two groups were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the changes of retinal blood flow density in macular area after operation. Construct the line chart prediction model and evaluate its prediction efficiency.RESULTS: The course of diabetes, proportion of patients with complicated maculopathy, serum TC, TG, LDL-C, HbA1c, vascular occlusion and hyperplastic retinal traction in the decreasing group were significantly higher than those in the normal group, while HDL-C was significantly lower than that in the normal group(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that course of diabetes > 17a(OR=4.526), complicated maculopathy(OR=4.983), HbA1c > 6.25%(OR=4.283), vascular occlusion(OR=5.216)and hyperplastic retinal traction(OR=4.765)were all risk factors of the decrease of macular retinal blood flow density after operation(P<0.05). The line chart prediction model has good differentiation and accuracy, and has high prediction value. CONCLUSION: Course of diabetes, complicated maculopathy, HbA1c, vascular occlusion and proliferative retinal traction are all related to the decrease of macular retinal blood flow density after vitrectomy with PDR. Understanding the risk factors is beneficial to surgical decision-making.

Analysis of Animal Models of Hyperthyroidism Based on Characteristics of Clinical Symptoms of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Hyperthyroidism is a systemic disease characterized by clinical signs and symptoms of hypermetabolism and sympathetic nervous excitement. Based on the clinical diagnostic criteria of traditional Chinese and western medicine for hyperthyroidism，the present study summarized and evaluated animal models of hyperthyroidism. In model evaluation，the models with high coincidence degree in western medicine included the exogenous drug delivery model， the model immune to adenovirus expressing thyrotropin receptor （TSHR），the model immune to nucleic acid， and the model of yin deficiency and effulgent fire syndrome in the disease-syndrome combination. The models with high coincidence degrees in traditional Chinese medicine included the exogenous drug delivery model， the model immune to adenovirus expressing TSHR，and the model of liver-yang ascendant hyperactivity syndrome and the model of yin deficiency and effulgent fire syndrome in the disease-syndrome combination. In light of the coincidence degree， and advantages and disadvantages of traditional Chinese and western medicine，the ideal hyperthyroidism animal models are the exogenous drug delivery model， and the model immune to adenovirus expressing TSHR. In addition to the evaluation of the coincidence degree of animal models of hyperthyroidism in traditional Chinese and western medicine，this study also analyzed the advantages，disadvantages， and problems of the animal models of hyperthyroidism. Most of the animal models of hyperthyroidism were not consistent with the complexity of hyperthyroidism in clinical practice， and standardized and unified syndrome differentiation standards and four-examination information collection standards have not yet been formed. Besides， there have been few studies on the hyperthyroidism model in disease-syndrome combination in traditional Chinese medicine. To make the animal models of hyperthyroidism suitable for clinical practice，the present study proposed the improvement directions of animal models of hyperthyroidism and the necessity of promoting the evaluation system to provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of the curative effect of Chinese medicine on hyperthyroidism， and exploration of its pharmacological action， as well as the follow-up research on the pathogenesis，prevention， and treatment of hyperthyroidism，which is expected to establish a perfect disease-syndrome model of hyperthyroidism in line with clinical characteristics of traditional Chinese and western medicine.

Pathological Process Observation and Non-targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Heart Failure Rat Model Established by Transverse Aortic Constriction / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the pathological process and changes of metabolites in myocardial tissue of heart failure induced by transverse aortic constriction （TAC） in rats. MethodRats were treated with TAC operation and divided into TAC-30 d group and TAC-60 d group， and sham operation group at the same period was set up as control. Echocardiography and pathological staining of myocardial tissue were performed on rats in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the expression of amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） in serum. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to observe the changes of metabolites and related pathways in myocardial tissue， the mobile phase consisted of 25 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate and 25 mmol·L-1 ammonia hydroxide in water （A） and acetonitrile （B） for gradient elution （0-0.5 min， 95%B； 0.5-7 min， 95%-65%B； 7-8 min， 65%-40%B； 8-9 min， 40%B； 9-9.1 min， 40%-95%B； 9.1-12 min， 95%B）， electrospray ionization was used under positive and negative ion detection modes， acquisition range was m/z 70-1 050. ResultCompared with the sham-30 d group， the left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole （LVIDs） in TAC-30 d group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， fraction shortening （FS）， left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness （LVPWd）， left vebtricular end-systolic posterior wall thickness （LVPWs） were significantly increased （P<0.01）， there were cardiomyocyte arrangement disorder， edema， collagen fibre hyperplasia， the content of NT-probNP was significantly increased， while the content of ATP was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and 15 metabolites with abnormal expression were involved in pyrimidine metabolic pathway， pantothenic acid and coenzyme A biosynthesis pathway. Compared with the sham-60 d group， LVEF and FS in the TAC-60 d group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole （LVIDd）， LVIDs and LVPWd were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the edema of myocardial cells increased obviously， myocardium fibers degenerated， coagulation necrosis appeared， and a large amount of collagen fibers were deposited， the expression of NT-proBNP increased and the expression of ATP decreased （P<0.01）， there were 21 metabolites with abnormal expression， involving pyrimidine metabolic pathway， and starch and sucrose metabolic pathway. ConclusionAt 30 d after TAC， there are myocardial hypertrophy， lipid metabolism disorder， pyrimidine metabolism disorder and energy imbalance. At 60 d after TAC， there are heart failure， aggravation of lipid metabolism disorder， excessive activation of glucose metabolism， and continuous disorder of pyrimidine metabolism.

Traditional Chinese medicine network pharmacology: development in new era under guidance of network pharmacology evaluation method guidance / 中国中药杂志

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of diseases owing to its holistic view and more than 2 000 years of experience in the clinical use of natural medicine. The "holistic" characteristic of TCM gives birth to a new generation of research paradigm featuring "network" and "system", which has been developing rapidly in the era of biomedical big data and artificial intelligence. Network pharmacology, a representative research field, provides new ideas and methods for the research of the interdiscipline of artificial intelligence and medicine, the analysis of massive biomedical data, and the transformation from data to knowledge. TCM plays an important role in proposing the core theory of "network target" and promoting the establishment and development of network pharmacology, and has taken the lead in formulating the first international standard of network pharmacology--Network Pharmacology Evaluation Method Guidance. In terms of theory, network target can systematically link drugs and diseases and quantitatively interpret the overall regulatory mechanism of drugs. In the aspect of method, network pharmacology is developing towards a research model that combines computational, experimental, and clinical approaches. This review introduces the resent important progress of TCM network pharmacology in predicting drug targets, understanding the biological basis of drugs and diseases, and searching for disease and syndrome biomarkers. Under the guidance of Network Pharmacology Evaluation Method Guidance, the development of network pharmacology is expected to become more and more standardized and healthy. Network target will help produce more high-quality research outcomes in TCM and effectively boost the modernization and internationalization of TCM.

Effects of different exercise on liver lipid accumulation and FGF21 secretion in obese rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of continuous exercise training (CT) and high-intensity interval exercise training (HIIT) on liver lipid metabolism and the correlation of the level of fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21) in serum and liver tissues. Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal diet group (N) and obesity model group (H) after 1 week of adaptive feeding. Rats in the obesity model group were fed with 45% high-fat diet for about 8 weeks, and 20% weight increase compared with normal rats was considered as obesity. The rats were divided into normal diet control group (LC), normal diet HIIT group (LHI), normal diet CT group (LCT), High fat diet-induced obese control group (OC), obese HIIT group (OHI), and obese CT group (OCT) (n=10). Exercised rats were given weight-bearing swimming training intervention for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected at least 24h after the last exercise intervention to detect the serum levels of inflammatory factors and FGF21. Liver tissue samples were collected to detect the lipid content, lipid metabolic enzyme content and FGF21 expression level. Results: Compared with LC group, the body weight, serum inflammatory factors levels and hepatic triglyceride content were increased significantly (P＜0.05). Hepatic triglyceride content was downregulated in LHI group and FGF21 expression level was enhanced in LCT group (P＜0.05). Compared with OC group, the body weight and hepatic triglyceride content were decreased significantly (P＜0.05), mitochondrial CPT-1β and β-HAD enzyme contents in liver were increased significantly (P＜0.05) in OHI group, the contents of LPL and FAT/CD36 enzyme in liver and the levels of FGF21 in serum and liver of OCT group were increased significantly (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Both exercise modes can reduce the body weight in normal and obese rats, and lipid deposition in the liver of obese rats. HIIT has a more significant effect on alleviating liver lipid deposition in obese rats by upregulating mitochondrial lipid oxidation level in normal and obese rats. CT improves the levels of FGF21 in serum and liver tissues of normal and obese rats, enhances enzyme contents that involved in fatty acids uptake to the liver, which has limited effect on alleviating lipid deposition in liver of obese rats.

Mechanism of volatile oil from Alpinia oxyphylla in treating Alzheimer's disease based on GC-MS and network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

To study the material basis and mechanism of volatile oil from Alpinia oxyphylla in treating Alzheimer's disease(AD) based on GC-MS and network pharmacology. Ingredients of volatile oil from A.oxyphylla were analyzed by GC-MS. Targets of those ingredients were obtained through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP). Relevant targets of AD were obtained through such databases as DrugBank, STITCH, OMIM. Intersection targets of ingredients and diseases were obtained by Online Venny map, and PPI network was established by STRING to screen out core targets. Gene ontology(GO) functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed by DAVID. The "ingredients-target-pathway" network was constructed by software Cytoscape 3.8.1 to screen out potential active ingredients of volatile oil from A.oxyphylla in the treatment of AD. The results showed that a total of 6 active ingredients were screened from the volatile oil of A.oxyphylla by GC-MS, 17 targets corresponding to 6 active ingredients were found in TCMSP database, and 3 448 AD targets were found in DrugBank database. "Ingredients-target-pathway" network and PPI network showed there were 4 potential active ingredients in the treatment of AD and 4 core targets. GO analysis and KEGG analysis showed 34(P<0.05) and 5(P<0.05) pathways, respectively, including nerve ligand receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, cholinergic synapse and 5-hydroxytryptaminergic synapse. This suggested that volatile oil from A.oxyphylla could synergistically treat AD by regulating calcium balance, cholinergic balance and phosphorylation. This study provided reference and guidance for further study of volatile oil from A.oxyphylla in the treatment of AD.

Skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study: a cross-sectional study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The prevalence of skin diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM) are prominent around the world. The current scope of knowledge regarding the prevalence of skin diseases and comorbidities with type 2 DM (T2DM) is limited, leading to limited recognition of the correlations between skin diseases and T2DM.@*METHODS@#We collected 383 subjects from the Da Qing Diabetes Study during the period from July 9th to September 1st, 2016. The subjects were categorized into three groups: Normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and T2DM. The prevalence and clinical characteristics of skin diseases were recorded and investigated.@*RESULTS@#In this cross-sectional study, 383 individuals with ages ranging from 53 to 89-year-old were recruited. The overall prevalence of skin diseases was 93.5%, and 75.7% of individuals had two or more kinds of skin diseases. Additionally, there were 47 kinds of comorbid skin diseases in patients with T2DM, of which eight kinds of skin diseases had a prevalence >10%. The prevalence of skin diseases in NGT, IGT, and T2DM groups were 93.3%, 91.5%, and 96.6%, respectively; stratified analysis by categories showed a statistically significant difference in "disturbances of pigmentation" and "neurological and psychogenic dermatoses". The duration of T2DM also significantly associated with the prevalence of "disturbances of pigmentation" and "neurological and psychogenic dermatoses". Subsequently, the prevalence of "disturbances of pigmentation" was higher in males than females in NGT (P < 0.01) and T2DM (P < 0.01) groups. In addition, the difference in the prevalence of "disturbances of pigmentation" was also significant in NGT and T2DM groups (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There was a high prevalence of skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study. To address the skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study, increased awareness and intervention measures should be implemented.

Analysis of animal models of hypertension based on characteristics of clinical symptoms of Chinese and western medicine / 中国中药杂志

Hypertension, a cardiovascular disease with main clinical manifestations of dizziness and elevated blood pressure, especially elevated arterial pressure, features high prevalence rate and low control rate, which affects patients' quality of life. Therefore, establishing a good animal model of hypertension is of great significance for its diagnosis and clinical prevention and treatment. Based on the clinical characteristics of hypertension in traditional Chinese and western medicine, this study summarized the advantages and disadvantages of current hypertension animal models: gene-related model, surgery-caused model, drug-induced model, and environment-induced model, and investigated the similarity to the clinical symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Among them, spontaneously hypertensive rats, models established with the surgical two-kidney one-clip, one-kidney one-clip, two-kidney two-clip, and abdominal aorta constriction methods, models induced with the drug deoxycorticosterone acetate, and models induced with the high-fat high-purine diet showed symptoms highly similar to the clinical manifestations. Then, the corresponding evaluation and improvement methods of hypertension animal models were proposed. This study provides suggestions for the establishment of hypertension animal model so that the symptoms are more similar to the clinical characteristics of hypertension in traditional Chinese and Western medicine, which is important for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of hypertension.

TCM network pharmacology: A new trend towards combining computational, experimental and clinical approaches / 中国天然药物

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a precious treasure of the Chinese nation and has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of diseases. The holistic view of TCM coincides with the new generation of medical research paradigm characterized by network and system. TCM gave birth to a new method featuring holistic and systematic "network target", a core theory and method of network pharmacology. TCM is also an important research object of network pharmacology. TCM network pharmacology, which aims to understand the network-based biological basis of complex diseases, TCM syndromes and herb treatments, plays a critical role in the origin and development process of network pharmacology. This review introduces new progresses of TCM network pharmacology in recent years, including predicting herb targets, understanding biological foundation of diseases and syndromes, network regulation mechanisms of herbal formulae, and identifying disease and syndrome biomarkers based on biological network. These studies show a trend of combining computational, experimental and clinical approaches, which is a promising direction of TCM network pharmacology research in the future. Considering that TCM network pharmacology is still a young research field, it is necessary to further standardize the research process and evaluation indicators to promote its healthy development.

Diagnostic capacity of skin tumor artificial intelligence-assisted decision-making software in real-world clinical settings / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Youzhi artificial intelligence (AI) software is the AI-assisted decision-making system for diagnosing skin tumors. The high diagnostic accuracy of Youzhi AI software was previously validated in specific datasets. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of diagnostic capacity between Youzhi AI software and dermatologists in real-world clinical settings.@*METHODS@#A total of 106 patients who underwent skin tumor resection in the Dermatology Department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from July 2017 to June 2019 and were confirmed as skin tumors by pathological biopsy were selected. Dermoscopy and clinical images of 106 patients were diagnosed by Youzhi AI software and dermatologists at different dermoscopy diagnostic levels. The primary outcome was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Youzhi AI software with that of dermatologists and that measured in the laboratory using specific data sets. The secondary results included the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, F-measure, and Matthews correlation coefficient of Youzhi AI software in the real-world.@*RESULTS@#The diagnostic accuracy of Youzhi AI software in real-world clinical settings was lower than that of the laboratory data (P < 0.001). The output result of Youzhi AI software has good stability after several tests. Youzhi AI software diagnosed benign and malignant diseases by recognizing dermoscopic images and diagnosed disease types with higher diagnostic accuracy than by recognizing clinical images (P = 0.008, P = 0.016, respectively). Compared with dermatologists, Youzhi AI software was more accurate in the diagnosis of skin tumor types through the recognition of dermoscopic images (P = 0.01). By evaluating the diagnostic performance of dermatologists under different modes, the diagnostic accuracy of dermatologists in diagnosing disease types by matching dermoscopic and clinical images was significantly higher than that by identifying dermoscopic and clinical images in random sequence (P = 0.022). The diagnostic accuracy of dermatologists in the diagnosis of benign and malignant diseases by recognizing dermoscopic images was significantly higher than that by recognizing clinical images (P = 0.010).@*CONCLUSION@#The diagnostic accuracy of Youzhi AI software for skin tumors in real-world clinical settings was not as high as that of using special data sets in the laboratory. However, there was no significant difference between the diagnostic capacity of Youzhi AI software and the average diagnostic capacity of dermatologists. It can provide assistant diagnostic decisions for dermatologists in the current state.

Dermoscopy in China: current status and future prospective / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Objective@#Dermoscopy is a useful technique for improving the diagnostic accuracy of various types of skin disorders. In China, dermoscopy has been widely accepted, and domestic researchers have made tremendous progress in the field of dermoscopy. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the current status of dermoscopy in China and identify its future directions.@*Data sources@#Articles included in this review were obtained by searching the following databases: Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and the Web of Science. We focused on research published before 2019 with keywords including dermoscopy, dermoscopic, dermoscope and trichoscopy.@*Study selection@#A total of 50 studies were selected. Of these studies, 20 studies were in Chinese and 30 in English, research samples of all the studies were collected from Chinese populations.@*Results@#Since 2000, more than 380 articles about dermoscopy have been published in domestic or foreign journals. Dermoscopy can improve the diagnostic accuracy of neoplastic diseases, evaluating the therapeutic effect of treatment, and determining the treatment endpoint, and it can also assist in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory diseases and in the assessment of the severity of the disease. In addition, researches about the applications of dermoscopy during surgical treatment have been published. Training courses aiming to improve the diagnostic ability of dermatologists, either face-to-face or online, have been offered. The Chinese Skin Image Database, launched in 2017 as a work platform for dermatologists, has promoted the development of dermoscopy in China. Computer-aided diagnostic systems based on the Chinese population are ready for use. In the future, cooperation, resource sharing, talent development, image management, and computer-aided diagnosis will be important directions for the development of dermoscopy in China.@*Conclusion@#Dermoscopy has been widely used and developed in China, however, it still needs to address more challenges in the future.

Dermoscopy in China: current status and future prospective / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

OBJECTIVE@#Dermoscopy is a useful technique for improving the diagnostic accuracy of various types of skin disorders. In China, dermoscopy has been widely accepted, and domestic researchers have made tremendous progress in the field of dermoscopy. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the current status of dermoscopy in China and identify its future directions.@*DATA SOURCES@#Articles included in this review were obtained by searching the following databases: Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and the Web of Science. We focused on research published before 2019 with keywords including dermoscopy, dermoscopic, dermoscope and trichoscopy.@*STUDY SELECTION@#A total of 50 studies were selected. Of these studies, 20 studies were in Chinese and 30 in English, research samples of all the studies were collected from Chinese populations.@*RESULTS@#Since 2000, more than 380 articles about dermoscopy have been published in domestic or foreign journals. Dermoscopy can improve the diagnostic accuracy of neoplastic diseases, evaluating the therapeutic effect of treatment, and determining the treatment endpoint, and it can also assist in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory diseases and in the assessment of the severity of the disease. In addition, researches about the applications of dermoscopy during surgical treatment have been published. Training courses aiming to improve the diagnostic ability of dermatologists, either face-to-face or online, have been offered. The Chinese Skin Image Database, launched in 2017 as a work platform for dermatologists, has promoted the development of dermoscopy in China. Computer-aided diagnostic systems based on the Chinese population are ready for use. In the future, cooperation, resource sharing, talent development, image management, and computer-aided diagnosis will be important directions for the development of dermoscopy in China.@*CONCLUSION@#Dermoscopy has been widely used and developed in China, however, it still needs to address more challenges in the future.